Ethics Examination — 100 Questions

Question 1

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The courts may award up to triple damages for which of the following?

a. Theft of trade secrets b. Trademark infringement c. Patent infringement d. Copyright infringement

Question 2

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The use of GPS chips in devices to track location is an example of:

a. Fair Information Practices b. Advanced Surveillance Technology c. Consumer Profiling d. Electronic Discovery

Question 3

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A --------------- is a form of Trojan horse which executes when it is triggered by a specific event such as a change in a particular file, by typing a specific series of keystrokes, or by a specific time or date.

a. Denial-of-service attack b. Rootkit c. Logic bomb d. Botnet

Question 4

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What is the primary purpose of a corporate firewall?

a. To perform risk assessments automatically b. To limit network access based on an organization's access policy c. To install antivirus software on all workstations d. To educate employees about security policies

Question 5

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Which of the following is NOT true about trade secrets and employees?

a. Employees may misuse customer lists without authorization b. Nondisclosure clauses can be difficult to enforce. c. Customer list is automatically a trade secret. d. Educating workers about confidentiality is important.

Question 6

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A --------------- provides an organization with vision and leadership in the area of business conduct.

a. Risk manager b. Human resources manager c. Corporate ethics officer d. Compliance manager

Question 7

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In the context of tenets of The European Union Data Protection Directive, --------------- refers to an individual's right to seek legal relief through appropriate channels to protect privacy rights.

a. Choice b. Notice c. Security d. Enforcement

Question 8

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Often a successful attack on an information system is due to poor system design or implementation. Once such a vulnerability is discovered, software developers quickly create and issue a --------------- to eliminate the problem.

a. Bot b. Rootkit c. Trojan horse d. Patch

Question 9

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Which of the following statements about gender differences in decision-making is TRUE?

a. Gender differences in decision-making are most clear among young children and older adults. b. Men tend to analyze decisions more than women. c. Women are more likely to carefully consider problems and choices. d. Women are less likely to engage in rumination.

Question 10

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The --------------- approach to ethical decision-making fits easily with the concept of value in economics and the use of cost-benefit analysis in business.

a. Justice b. Integrity c. Rights d. Utilitarian

Question 11

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Public sector employees have far greater privacy rights than those in private industry because the Fourth Amendment does not limit how a private employer treats its employees. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 12

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Which of the following is a set of guidelines that govern the collection and use of personal data?

a. USA PATRIOT Act b. Fair Information Practices c. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act d. Electronic Communications Privacy Act

Question 13

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Which of these is a legal tactic used to protect intellectual property when key employees leave a company?

a. Plagiarism detection b. Open-source licensing c. Noncompete agreements d. Cybersquatting

Question 14

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Programs with open source code can be adapted to meet new needs, and bugs can be rapidly identified and fixed. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 15

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A rapid increase in the appointment of corporate ethics officers typically follows:

a. A substantial decrease in the stock price of a firm. b. The acquisition of one company by another. c. The revelation of a major business scandal. d. The appointment of a new CEO.

Question 16

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An employee who seeks to disrupt his firm’s information systems or to use them to seek financial gain is called a(n) ---------------.

a. Cybercriminal b. Hacktivist c. Malicious insider d. Industrial spy

Question 17

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Which of the following is most closely related to social audits?

a. Social responsibility b. Social changes c. Political policy d. Social media

Question 18

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Which technology allows data and services to be accessed over the internet?

a. Cloud computing b. Virtual machines c. Firewalls d. Local servers

Question 19

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Reverse engineering is always illegal and is prohibited under all software license agreements. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 20

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Copyright infringement is the act of stealing someone’s ideas or words and passing them off as one’s own. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 21

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Identity theft often involves:

a. Borrowing library books b. Stealing personal information c. Playing games online d. Sharing public documents

Question 22

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Ethics has risen to the top of the business agenda because risks associated with inappropriate behavior have increased, both in their likelihood and in their potential negative impact. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 23

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Supply chain sustainability takes into account such issues as fair labor practices, energy and resource conservation, human rights, and community responsibility. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 24

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What is the term for the specific sequence of bytes that antivirus software uses to identify the presence of a specific virus?

a. Virus payload b. Virus signature c. Binary identifier d. Malware signature

Question 25

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Why do many U.S. employers practice workplace monitoring?

a. To increase employee salaries b. To protect against abuses that reduce productivity or expose the employer to lawsuits c. To reduce the number of sick days employees can take d. To comply with the Fourth Amendment

Question 26

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Which company suffered a major data breach exposing 24 million customers in 2012?

a. Amazon b. IBM c. Citibank d. Zappos

Question 27

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The courts have ruled in favor of using reverse engineering to ----------------.

a. Circumvent restrictive trade secrets b. Enable interoperability c. Provide access to protected elements of an original work d. Allow the domination of a particular software market by a single manufacturer

Question 28

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A social audit differs from a financial audit in that it:

a. Is conducted by government agencies only b. Does not involve stakeholders outside the company c. Focuses only on comparing documents for consistency d. Compares documents to reality and includes accountability

Question 29

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A --------------- claims as its invention some feature or process embodied in instructions executed by a computer.

a. Patent infringement b. Cross-licensing agreement c. Software patent d. Trade secret

Question 30

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The ------------------ is a nonprofit corporation responsible for managing the Internet’s domain name system.

a. WIPO b. IEEE c. FTC d. ICANN

Question 31

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Which of these pairs of actions is considered "Ethical and Legal"?

a. Gambling and having an affair b. Downloading music and hacking sites c. Using licensed software and obeying the speed limit d. Vigilante action and political activism

Question 32

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A software and/or hardware that monitors system and network resources and activities, and notifies network security personnel when it identifies network traffic that attempts to circumvent the security measures of a networked computer environment is a(n)---------------.

a. Virtual private network b. Anti-virus device c. Intrusion detection system d. Intrusion prevention system

Question 33

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-------------- is a term for a set of guidelines that govern the collection and use of personal data.

a. Copyright b. Security policy c. Fair information practices d. Privacy law

Question 34

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Ethics is particularly important in IT because:

a. Computers are human b. IT workers are unethical c. People ignore ethics d. Technology advances faster than laws

Question 35

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Implementation of a strong firewall provides adequate security for almost any network. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 36

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Which is NOT a type of malware?

a. Firewall b. Trojan horse c. Virus d. Worm

Question 37

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a profession?

a. Requires advanced training and experience. b. Work is standardized and repetitive c. Must exercise discretion and judgment d. Carry special rights and responsibilities

Question 38

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Which type of attack involves tricking users into revealing confidential information?

a. DDoS b. Virus c. Phishing d. Worm

Question 39

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A ------------ is a set of programs that enables its user to gain administrator-level access to a computer without the end user’s consent or knowledge.

a. Botnet b. Rootkit c. Logic bomb d. Virus

Question 40

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A large group of computers controlled from one or more remote locations by hackers without the knowledge or consent of their owners is called a(n)---------------.

a. Rootkit b. Virus c. Botnet d. Worm

Question 41

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A person who acts with ------------ acts in accordance with a personal code of principles.

a. Negligence b. Board of directors c. Utilitarianism d. Integrity

Question 42

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Which of these is a common ethical issue for IT users?

a. Obtaining vendor certifications b. Attending industry conferences c. Developing innovative software d. Inappropriate use of computing resources

Question 43

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Kant's principle of ---------- states that you should always consider human beings as ends in themselves, never as means to an end.

a. Consistency b. Consequence c. Respect d. Duty

Question 44

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What is the main responsibility of the FTC?

a. Managing internet networks b. Reporting to the government c. Collecting taxes d. Protecting consumer privacy

Question 45

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Whistle-blowing is an effort by an employee to attract attention to a negligent, illegal, unethical, abusive, or dangerous act by a company that threatens the public interest. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 46

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A trademark permits its owner to exclude the public from making, using, or selling a protected invention, and allows for legal action against violators. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 47

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The legally obtained information that is gathered to help a company gain an advantage over its rivals is called ----------------.

a. Competitive intelligence b. Industrial espionage c. Trade secrets d. Prior art

Question 48

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The Conficker, Storm, and ILOVEYOU worms are cited as examples of worms that:

a. Were completely harmless and designed as pranks. b. Caused estimated total costs well over $5 billion to repair. c. Were immediately stopped by all antivirus software upon release. d. Only affected a single computer per infection.

Question 49

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Not doing something that a reasonable person would do, or doing something that a reasonable person would not do, is called --------------.

a. Negligence b. Malpractice c. Fraud d. Certification

Question 50

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Which relationship is NOT a professional relationship IT worker must manage?

a. With celebrities b. With employers c. With customers d. With clients

Question 51

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In the context of incident response, what is the primary goal once a security breach is identified?

a. To regain control and limit damage b. To publicly shame the perpetrator online c. To monitor the intruder to learn their techniques d. To immediately fire the IT security team

Question 52

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Which of the following is a characteristic of a successful ethics program?

a. Employees feel prepared to handle situations that could lead to misconduct b. Employees are rewarded for success obtained through questionable means c. Employees feel negative about their company d. Employees are discouraged from seeking advice about ethical issues

Question 53

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Discovery is part of the pretrial phase of a lawsuit in which each party can obtain --------------- from the other party by various means.

a. Evidence b. Trade secrets c. Salaries patent royalties d. Competitive intelligence

Question 54

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People need to protect their privacy with laws that concern government surveillance, including various forms of electronic surveillance. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 55

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) means that an organization:

a. Reduces transparency in corporate governance b. Acts ethically by taking responsibility for its impact on society c. Ignores environmental and community concerns d. Focuses only on maximizing profit

Question 56

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The unauthorized copying of software is called:

a. Certification b. Auditing c. Licensing d. Piracy

Question 57

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The FTC is the federal agency responsible for protecting the privacy of U.S. consumers. The abbreviation FTC stands for-----------------.

a. Federal Trade Commission b. Federal Telecommunications Commission c. Federal Technology Council d. Financial Trade Commission

Question 58

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The fundamental problem with trying to detect a rootkit is that the operating system cannot be trusted to provide ----------------.

a. Sufficient memory for operations b. Valid test results c. Correct system login IDs d. The correct date and time

Question 59

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The crime of obtaining goods, services, or property through deception or trickery is called----.

a. Corruption b. Establishes professional standards c. Fraud d. Lawlessness

Question 60

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Which of the following is NOT a reason why computer incidents are increasing?

a. Cloud computing b. BYOD policies c. Increased law enforcement d. Virtualization

Question 61

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One frequent use of ---------------- for software is to modify an application that ran on one vendor’s database so that it can run on another’s.

a. Industrial espionage b. Certification c. Reverse engineering d. Piracy

Question 62

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The USA PATRIOT Act grants citizens the right to access certain information and records of federal, state, and local governments upon request. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 63

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In computing, a(n) -------------- is a term for any sort of general attack on an information system that takes advantage of a particular system vulnerability.

a. Patch b. Firewall c. Security audit d. Exploit

Question 64

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-------------- is the collection, preparation, review and production of electronically stored information for use in criminal and civil actions and proceedings.

a. Reverse engineering b. Industrial espionage c. Electronic discovery d. Digital auditing

Question 65

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Individual views on what is moral are so strongly held that there is nearly universal agreement in spite of differences in age, cultural group, ethnic background, religion, life experience, education, and gender. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 66

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Greater globalization has decreased the likelihood of unethical behavior. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 67

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Cloud and virtualization technologies have no impact on cybersecurity concerns. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 68

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The purpose of the Bill of Rights was to:

a. Identify requirements for being a “good” U.S. citizen b. Identify additional rights of individuals c. Grant additional powers to the federal government d. Identify exceptions to specific portions of the Constitution

Question 69

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What is "professional malpractice"?

a. Switching jobs too frequently. b. Charging too much for services. c. Professionals who breach their duty of care and are liable for injuries their negligence causes. d. Getting a low score on a certification exam.

Question 70

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What is the main purpose of a non-disclosure clause in an employment contract?

a. To prevent employees from working for competitors b. To guarantee employees a minimum salary c. To ensure employees keep company trade secrets confidential d. To allow employers to monitor employees' personal emails

Question 71

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A corporate ethics officer should:

a. Provide vision and leadership in business ethics b. Ensure only financial audits are conducted c. Report to middle management d. Avoid involvement in business conduct

Question 72

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The USA PATRIOT Act was created to:

a. Prevent hacking in schools b. Encourage open source c. Promote free software d. Fight terrorism and cybercrime

Question 73

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According to the 2010/11 CSI Computer Crime and Security Survey, which of the following was the most common security incident?

a. Malware infection b. Laptop or mobile hardware theft c. Employees' abuse of Internet access or email d. Being fraudulently misrepresented as a sender of email messages requesting personal information

Question 74

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The --------------- requires each financial institution to document a data security plan describing the company’s preparation and plans for the ongoing protection of clients’ personal data.

a. Safeguards Rule b. Discovery Rule c. Pretexting Rule d. Financial Privacy Rule

Question 75

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In a security incident, the primary goal must be to monitor and catch the intruder. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 76

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A small text file that a website downloads to a visitor’s hard drive to identify them on subsequent visits is called a --------------.

a. Spyware b. Rootkit c. Cookie d. Virus

Question 77

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The process of granting recognition to an individual who has met certain qualifications is called ------------.

a. Licensing b. Registration c. Certification d. Accreditation

Question 78

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All people needed to protect with strong privacy provisions for electronic health records, including banning the sale of health information, promoting the use of audit trails and encryption and providing rights of access for patients. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 79

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A well-implemented ethics and compliance program and a strong ethical culture can lead to:

a. More negative views on the organization. b. Less pressure on employees to misbehave. c. Less comfort for employees reporting misconduct. d. More fear of retaliation by management.

Question 80

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Virtualization can increase flexibility but may also introduce new security vulnerabilities. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 81

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Which is not an ethical decision-making criterion?

a. Justice b. Personal benefit c. Rights d. Utilitarianism

Question 82

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The --------------- is responsible for the careful and responsible management of an organization.

a. Chief Privacy Officer b. Board of directors c. Ethics officer d. Federal Trade Commission

Question 83

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Data breaches often expose:

a. Company secrets only b. Public news c. Weather reports d. Personal and financial data

Question 84

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Computer security incidents occur around the world, with personal computer users in developing countries being exposed to the greatest risk of their computers being infected by malware. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 85

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The use of illegal means to obtain business information not available to the general public is known as ---------------.

a. Competitive intelligence b. Industrial espionage c. Fraud d. Reverse engineering

Question 86

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The executive responsible for managing an organization's data privacy policies is called the ---------------.

a. Compliance manager b. Chief Privacy Officer c. Security officer d. Ethics officer

Question 87

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Which of these is a prevention method for computer crime?

a. Risk assessment b. Ignoring updates c. Sharing accounts d. Avoiding passwords

Question 88

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Under Myanmar's 2019 Patent Law, who is eligible to apply for a patent for an invention made by an employee?

a. Both the employee and the employer jointly b. Only the employer c. The government d. Only the employee

Question 89

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What is the core principle that distinguishes open-source code from proprietary software?

a. It cannot be used for commercial purposes. b. It is developed only by government agencies. c. Its source code is made available for use and modification by others. d. It is always free of charge.

Question 90

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The --------------- presumes that a student’s records are private and not available to the public without the consent of the student.

a. American Recovery and Reinvestment Act b. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act c. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act d. Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act

Question 91

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The cost to an organization that suffers a data breach can be quite high. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 92

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Which professional organization is known for its code of ethics in IT?

a. IEEE b. FIFA c. WHO d. NBA

Question 93

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The ----------- that socially responsible activities create can make it easier for corporations to conduct their business.

a. Goodwill b. Alliances c. Profits d. Incentives

Question 94

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The purpose of a Noncompete Agreement is to:

a. Guarantee lifetime employment. b. Allow employees to share confidential information with competitors. c. Replace nondisclosure agreements. d. Protect intellectual property when key employees leave.

Question 95

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Which organization administers international IP treaties?

a. UNHCR b. NATO c. WTO d. WIPO

Question 96

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The America Invents Act (2011) changed the U.S. patent system from:

a. Exclusive right → Public right b. First-to-invent → First-inventor-to-file c. First-to-file → First-to-invent d. Inventor’s right → User’s right

Question 97

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What is one reason computer incidents are more prevalent today?

a. Fewer users on the internet b. Increased system complexity c. Less reliance on technology d. System architecture

Question 98

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What type of perpetrator is motivated by promoting a political or social ideology?

a. Cybercriminal b. Malicious Insider c. Industrial Spy d. Hacktivist

Question 99

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Like many other countries, the United States has developed a single, overarching national data privacy policy. (True / False)

a. True b. False

Question 100

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According to the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, what is the copyright term for a work created by a single author after January 1, 1978?

a. 95 years from the date of creation. b. The life of the author plus 50 years. c. The life of the author plus 70 years. d. 70 years from the date of publication.